The Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa)

Artifact: Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa)
Date: c. 125 B.C.E. (1st century B.C.E.)
Discovered: 1947, Qumran Cave 1
Current location: Israel Museum, Jerusalem (on permanent display)
Material: Parchment, 734 cm (24 ft) long, 17 sheets, 54 columns
Language: Hebrew
Biblical connection: Complete Book of Isaiah (all 66 chapters)

Sources: Israel Museum Digital Dead Sea Scrolls + Wikipedia

URLs:

1QIsaa is the largest and best preserved of all the biblical Dead Sea Scrolls, and the only one that is almost complete.
It is roughly 1,000 years older than the oldest previously known Hebrew manuscripts of Isaiah (medieval Masoretic codices).
The scroll’s text generally agrees with the later Masoretic Text (the basis of the KJV Old Testament) but contains over 2,600 variant readings, mostly spelling, scribal corrections, and minor wording differences.
It confirms that the Book of Isaiah existed as a single collection by the late 2nd century B.C.E. and was treated as scripture by the Qumran community.
Its textual variants help scholars understand how the Hebrew Bible was copied, transmitted, and standardized before the Common Era.

The text of Isaiah was fixed and transmitted with remarkable fidelity across a millennium; the Masoretic Text behind translations like the KJV rests on very ancient manuscript evidence.
The scroll predates Jesus by over a century, making it highly relevant to Christian claims about messianic prophecies in Isaiah.
It demonstrates that the biblical book was already complete and authoritative among Second Temple Jews.

The Israel Museum site lets you view the scroll column-by-column and compare the text with the JPS English translation.
For textual study, compare a passage in 1QIsaa with the Aleppo Codex at http://www.aleppocodex.org/.